How can you ensure that observations are processed in a specific order?

To ensure that observations are processed in a specific order, sorting the dataset before processing is the most effective approach. When a dataset is sorted, the observations are arranged according to specified variables in either ascending or descending order. This guarantees that any subsequent data processing steps, such as analysis or reporting, will occur according to that designated order.

Sorting is particularly important when the order of observations impacts the results of calculations, methods used in analysis, or the manner in which reports are generated. For example, if you are performing operations that require grouped analysis or cumulative calculations, having the data sorted correctly is crucial for obtaining accurate results.

The other options do not directly address the need for processing order. Applying a format simply changes how the data is displayed; it does not rearrange the observations. Conditional statements guide logic but do not enforce any specific order of processing. Meanwhile, utilizing the MERGE statement combines datasets based on common variables but does not inherently determine the order of how records are processed unless those datasets are pre-sorted.